Program Description
Leveled Literacy Intervention (LLI) is a one-to-three small-group tutoring model taught by literacy specialists to struggling readers in grades K-2. Sessions are 30 minutes each day for about 16-18 weeks. The content focuses on oral language, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. Lessons alternate between “independent level” texts and more challenging “instructional level” texts, which students may also take back to their classrooms or homes.
Program Outcomes
LLI has been evaluated in two qualifying studies. In one, in rural and suburban Georgia and New York, students were randomly assigned to LLI or control conditions. Across 5 DIBELS scales, the average effect size was +0.17, with significant differences on Non-Word Fluency and Oral Reading Fluency. In a second study in Denver, there were very positive outcomes on the DRA2 in kindergarten but not in first or second grade, for a significant but small meaningful effect size of +0.10. Averaging the two studies, the effect size was +0.13.
Staffing Requirements
One certified teacher to work with 3 students at a time, conducting up to 6 groups per day.
Professional Development/Training
LLI Interventionists are recommended to have formal 3-day LLI training from Heinemann Publishing, which consists of receive 2 days of in-person training, followed by one day of on-site coaching throughout the year.
Technology
No technology requirement.
Implementation Notes
One of the accepted studies (Gallagher, 2010) took place during the 2009-2010 school year and included teacher surveys and focus groups. Responses from teachers were overall positive about the LLI program and its impact on student reading achievement and attitudes towards literacy. Teachers in both groups recommended continuing the program and commented positively on program materials and student enjoyment of the books. Suggested improvements included lesson design, which some felt was too fast-paced and included too much information to cover in a short period.